The Role of Special Interest Groups in American Politics...

THE ROLE OF SPECIAL INTEREST GROUPS IN AMERICAN POLITICS Like political parties, pressure groups can be considered another system that connects the citizen more directly to government. However, at the same instant there are marked differences in both composition and function that define interest groups as different entities from larger political parties. According to V.O. Key Jr. in a composition appropriately entitled Pressure Groups; pressure groups OrdinarilyÂ… concern themselves with only a narrow range of policies; and unlike the goals of political parties, their intentions are to influence the content of public policy rather than the results of elections. Nevertheless, it is a realized fact that special interest groups with†¦show more content†¦With this lens of scrutiny, the world of pressure politics becomes more a politics among the activists than a politics that involves many people. However, it is not to be totally lost that the public primarily colors the mode of action. When the sentiments of the activists a re brought outside the bounds of the special interest group and into deliberation areas known as arenas of decision, there are many questions of policy that are fought out within vaguely bounded arenas in which the activists concerned are clustered. It is during these times that members of the House and Senate with jurisdiction for these matters can have a shopping period in the marketplace of special interest policies where they can either ignore or assume the role of crusader. As for the struggle for opinions to be heard during these periods, it is as if there were no elections or no concern about the nature of public opinion; whether views of the groups are valued or not is dependent on the balance of party control within each arena. In addition, there are also public corybantics by pressure organizations that run parallel to the efforts in the congressionalShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Role of Special Interest Groups in American Politics1371 Words   |  6 Pages THE ROLE OF SPECIAL INTEREST GROUPS IN AMERICAN POLITICS nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Like political parties, pressure groups can be considered another system that connects the citizen more directly to government. However, at the same instant there are marked differences in both composition and function that define interest groups as different entities from larger political parties. According to V.O. Key Jr. in a composition appropriately entitled Pressure Groups; pressure groups â€Å"Ordinarily†¦Read MoreAmerica Is Known For Its Freedom Of Speech1682 Words   |  7 Pagesknown for its freedom of speech. The dynamics of the American political system gives the American people a voice in what goes on in the government. The right to vote gives all citizens the opportunity to vote on various positions in the government and local areas. Political parties perform a number of functions for the American political system. The functions and components of political parties, interest group activity, electoral politics, public opinion, poli tical participation, and politicalRead MoreThe Policy Process1582 Words   |  7 Pages(Metagora, 1995). In the policy process there are many different models that explain the process. â€Å"One of the oldest and most common approaches to the study of policy- making derives from the early work of H. Lasswell (1951)†. H. Lasswell was an American political scientist who was known as the first to have taken into account and analyzed policy as a process. The most common model and the one H. Lasswell helped build is known as the stages model of policy. There are six stages within this modelRead MoreTackling Environmental Problems Today Is More Difficult997 Words   |  4 Pagesproblems of politics†. (Turin) This posturing has become a major issue for society and could lead to dire consequences in the future. It is time for us to come together and address the issues of political influence, in order for us to have a meaningful conversation we must discussion the influence of special interest groups, understand how politicians manipulate and use false authority to push agendas an d also discover the importance of citizen involvement. Lobbyists for special interest are hiredRead MoreAmeric The People, For The Corporations1738 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Corporate money in politics has become an increasingly prominent issue in the political spectrum of the United States after the 2010 Citizens United Supreme Court decision which lifted the cap on political contributions from corporations, thus increasing the influence companies have on the US electoral process (Shekar 71). This controversial court case brought the issue of non-voter influence on elected officials to the political stage and gave worry to many Americans who sought equal representationRead MorePresidential Election : Clinton Vs. Trump1285 Words   |  6 PagesClinton vs. Trump: Two Different People, Two Different Americas During the 2016 Presidential campaign between Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump, there were many campaign advertisements from both sides that strongly resonated with voters. Clinton’s role model ad, for example, sent a powerful message by illustrating Trump’s substandard behavior as a presidential candidate. On the other hand, Trump’s â€Å"Hillary Clinton won t Change Washington† ad demonstrated Clinton’s ineffectiveness as a leader as wellRead MoreFactionalism in America Essay1749 Words   |  7 PagesIn discussing the problems surrounding the issue of factionalism in American society, James Madison concluded in Federalist #10, The inference to which we are brought is that the causes of cannot be removed and that relief is only to be sought in the means of controlling its effects. (Federalist Papers 1999, 75) In many ways, the nature of American politics has revolved around this question since our countrys birth. What is the relationship between p arties and government? Should the party serveRead MoreThe On The Workings Of The Constitution Convention Essay1319 Words   |  6 PagesUnited States, but also as an event that continues to affect contemporary politics† (Pope and Shawn 1). Indeed, the historical significance of the Constitution Convention and its direct impact on American contemporary politics cannot be ignored. For over two-hundred years, the Constitution of the United States has served as the foundation for the American system of government. It defined the structure and limits of the American political system and created an elaborate the system of checks and balancesRead MoreMultinational Business Corporations Gaining More Power in Society861 Words   |  4 Pagesgovernments are often at the mercy of various special interest groups (economic, civil rights, public interest groups) and representatives vote how special interest groups insist in order to keep their political lives intact. â€Å"Few would argue that one person could not make a difference in American politics. But there is power in numbers, and political institutions are more likely to respond to a collective rather than to an individual voice. An interest group is an organization whose members share commonRead MoreThe American Public Policy Process966 Words   |  4 PagesThe American public policy process is a system that consists of laws, regulatory measures, action items, and funding priorities controlled by the elected representatives. The public policy process system that is in place within the federal government was developed within the framework of the United States Constitution and those with special interests. Within the current system of policy process utilized by the federal government America’s affluent community holds the greatest interests. Over the

The Founding Of Choson From The Korean Peninsula - 1400 Words

In 1392 when Choson replaced Koryo from the Korean peninsula, many differences occurred. Since Choson was successor of Koryo, Koryo could have been seen similar to its predecessor in a certain extent, but Choson was a whole new country. Foreign relations, military, society, and religion had all changed especially the religion. The founding of Choson can be interpreted as a religious revolution because reform-minded Confucian scholars wanted to a change. In Late Koryo, Buddhism had corrupted so much that even one of their own members wrote to fix a decadence in their religion. Confucians scholars blamed the Buddhists’ mismanagement to justify their action of building a new dynasty . The shift of a state from Buddhism to Neo-Confucianism with the transition from Koryo to Choson is well-known, but it needs to be broken down into pieces to observe the changes that occurred. Religious status of late Koryo, religious status of Choson, and impact of changes politically and socially must be carefully observed and will be described in more detail below. Religious Status of Late Koryo Buddhism was first introduced to Korean peninsula during the Three Kingdoms period by the foreign monks. By the time of Late Silla, Buddhism had become integral part of the culture and was a state religion of Koryo. Due to people of Koryo choosing to endow temples in concern of operations of the temples, Buddhist establishment obtained large landholdings and an accumulated wealth. MonksShow MoreRelated The History of Korean Art Essay1510 Words   |  7 PagesThe History of Korean Art The arts of Korea, while largely influenced by Chinese, are characterized by simplicity, spontaneity and naturalism. A work of Korean art is not very meticulous in tiny details. It rather tends to embrace wholeness. This seemingly indifference lies in the flexible state of mind of early Korean artists who love nature as it is. Ko Yu-sop, a Korean art scholar, defines the characteristic aspects of Korean art as technique without technique, planning without

Contingency Management Accounting Control -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Contingency Management Accounting Control? Answer: Introduction Prada Group is a leading luxury fashion house in Italy founded in 1913 and it operates in the global market as well by taking into account all the social and cultural factors (Pradagroup.com, 2018). The three products of the operations that have been considered here include leather handbags, travel accessories and perfumes. The first two products constitute of a significant portion of the business earnings of Prada Group. The contribution of perfumes is not enough; however, this product has been selected to find out the way the unessential product aids the profitability of the organisation. Estimation of selling prices, variable costs and contribution margins for the identified products: After conducting adequate research, it has been identified that the average price for each handbag in the Italian leather market is 50. In addition, as Prada Group is involved in selling quality products, the average price charged for travel accessories is 500. Finally, the average cost of each perfume for Prada Group is obtained as 45. As obtained from the annual report of 2017 of Prada Group, the variable cost identified is selling, general and administrative expense. The total selling, general and administrative expense is provided as 661,437,000, out of which it is assumed that 60% of the expenses are spent on these products only. Hence, the total selling, general and administrative expense on these products is 396,862,200 (661,437,000 x 60%). Out of this cost, 60% of the cost is variable and the remaining 40% is fixed. Hence, the total variable cost for the three identified products is 238,117,200. A certain percentage of the total selling price of each item is allocated to the variable cost of that particular unit, which is depicted as follows: Leather handbags - 40% Travel accessories - 50% Perfumes - 10% Based on the above information, the following table is prepared for arriving at the total contribution margin ratio: In addition, another table is prepared to determine the contribution margin and contribution margin ratio for each of the three products, which is represented as follows: Difference in contribution margins for the three identified products and importance of such difference: In accordance with the above two tables, it could be stated that with the help of contribution margin, the managers could ascertain the contribution of a product for covering fixed costs (Chenhall Moers, 2015). The main difference between the contribution margins of the three products is due to the variation in the selling price and sales volume of each of the three products along with the variation in variable cost. In case of leather handbags and travel accessories, the sales volume is higher; however, the selling price for each travel accessories is higher in contrast to the leather handbags. This has lead to the difference in profit generated from each item. On the other hand, the contribution margin for perfumes is much lower, since the volume of sales is lower in the market and the selling price is the lowest in contrast to the other two products. In auditing, it does not need extensive services that need to be undertaken. Thus, it is inherent to identify the difference in the contribution margins of the three products. In addition, such difference would help the managers of the Prada Group to identify the most profitable segment and accordingly, investment could be made to enhance those areas of business activities and operations (Kamal, 2015). Reasons for not producing the product only with the highest contribution margin: There are certain reasons that Prada Group would not produce only travel accessories, since it has the highest contribution margin and such reasons are described as follows: If the competitors come up with identical products at cheaper prices, the customers might switch over to them. As a result, the contribution margin for Prada Group would be minimised. Secondly, if the cost of raw materials for producing travel accessories rise, there would be increase in variable cost of the product as well. As a result, the contribution margin of that product would decline. Finally, diversification of product base would help in generating additional customers for Prada Group, since they could obtain various products from a single place. Not all the customers are prone to purchase travel accessories only; thus, the other products are included in order to maintain the profitability level of the organisation. Resource constraints for Prada Group and relevancy of these constraints on the identified products for decision-making: The possible constraints that could affect the decision-making process of Prada Group comprise of the following: Skilled staffs are the most significant resource constraint that Prada Group might face in order to carry out its business operations effectively. This is because there are various departments within the organisation, which include customer-handling department, storage department and many others (Otley, 2016). Hence, it needs to recruit skilled and competent staffs for carrying out complex tasks, which could have impact on future services. Another significant resource constraint is the availability of raw materials required to produce the final products. The suppliers might raise the prices of materials, which would increase its product cost in the operating market. Ratio analysis and economic profit: The following ratios are conducted with the help of the restated financial statements for evaluating the financial condition of Prada Group: According to the above table, it could be found out that the profit margin of Prada Group has fallen over the years due to the increase in operating cost and raw material price, while there is fall of product demand in the market. This is further supported by the inventory turnover ratio (in days), since the organisation is taking 215 days in 2016 to complete one inventory cycle. This is quite a longer time span and hence, it needs to minimise its inventory level in order to avoid inventory loss or theft. However, the current ratio of the organisation is well above the ideal standard of 2 in 2016, which denotes that Prada Group has adequate amount of idle working capital. On the other hand, despite the fall in earnings ratio and price earnings ratio below 1, the organisation is paying increased dividend per share to its shareholders, which denotes that it intends to maximise the wealth of the shareholders. The similar trend is observed in case of ratios based on restated financial statements, which implies that Prada Group is not enjoying healthy and competitive position in the apparel industry of Italy. Economic profit: Economic profit or loss is the difference between the revenue obtained from selling an output and opportunity cost of the inputs used. Thus, the opportunity costs are subtracted from revenues earned at the time of calculating economic profit. The economic profit for Prada Group for the years 2016, 2015, 2014 and 2013 is depicted as follows: In case of Prada Group, the economic profit for Prada Group has fallen over the years, which denotes that the organisation is struggling to maintain competitive advantage in the operating market. Options available to Prada Group: It is assumed that Prada Group is planning to install machinery for increasing its production level. Two machines are available to the organisation in the form of alternatives, in which various assumptions are made. The first machine would help in raising the overall sales volume of the organisation, while the second machine would focus on increasing the overall product quality. These assumptions are depicted as follows: Assumptions: Particulars Units Initial investment for machine 1 (2,000,000) Initial investment for machine 2 (2,700,000) Discount rate 10% Application of investment appraisal techniques on the available options: The following investment appraisal techniques are used for both the projects, which are depicted briefly as follows: Recommendations: Based on the above tables, it could be stated that the NPV for machine 1 is obtained as 1,039,862.33, while the same for machine 2 is 1,861,949. This measure is used in capital budgeting to analyse the profit level of a projected investment (Taleb, Gibson Hovey, 2015). The higher the NPV, the better is the profitability of the specified investment. In this case, the NPV is greater for the second machine, which signifies that Prada Group should choose the second machine for maximising its profitability and productivity. IRR is used in capital budgeting for similar purpose like NPV and if it is higher than the discount rate, it is considered as a feasible investment (Uyar Kuzey, 2016). In case of machine 1, the IRR is obtained as 17.9%, while in case of machine 2, the IRR is 21.8%. Thus, in terms of IRR, machine 2 needs to be selected. On the other hand, payback period denotes the duration within which the capital investment could be recovered. In this case, the payback period for the first machine is 5.93 years, while the same for the second machine is 4.48 years. Hence, by evaluating the techniques of investment appraisal, it could be inferred that Prada Group needs to select the second machine for increasing its overall sales and profit margin. References: Chenhall, R. H., Moers, F. (2015). The role of innovation in the evolution of management accounting and its integration into management control.Accounting, Organizations and Society,47, 1-13. Kamal, S. (2015). Historical Evolution of Management Accounting.The Cost and Management,43(4), 12-19. Otley, D. (2016). The contingency theory of management accounting and control: 19802014.Management accounting research,31, 45-62. Pradagroup.com. (2018). Retrieved 6 February 2018, from https://www.pradagroup.com/content/dam/pradagroup/documents/Financial-Report---presentation/2_FULL-YEAR-2016-results----12-Apr-2017/e-Annual%20Report%202016.pdf Taleb, M. A., Gibson, B., Hovey, M. (2015). Fifty years of Sustainability Accounting: does accounting for income in business sustainability really exist?.International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting,5(1), 36-47. Uyar, A., Kuzey, C. (2016). Does management accounting mediate the relationship between cost system design and performance?.Advances in Accounting,35, 170-176.

Jackie Robinson Essay free essay sample

After he retired room baseball, he was awarded High Honors from civil and human rights organizations, religious groups and the United States government. (Source 2) Jackie attended Pasadena City College. He earned average grades in school but excelled at sports. He beat his brother Mack in the broad jump. He was voted MAP on the football squad. Then he was named the greatest base runner on a junior college team by sportswriters. Later he attended UCLA and led the Pacific Coast Conference for basketball. He was the National Champion in Long Jump and an all American Halfback in Football.After that he was the varsity shortstop in baseball. Jackie became the first athlete at UCLA to Letter in four sports in a single year. When Jackie was a senior he met his future wife, Rachel Sum. His first professional baseball team was the Kansas City Monarchs for the Negro League. As he was playing for the Monarchs, the president and General Manager Branch Rickety sent out scouts to the Negro Leagues to look for a man to desegregate the Major Leagues. We will write a custom essay sample on Jackie Robinson Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When the scouts came back that had a list of potential talent but they all talked about Jack Roosevelt Robinson.Rocky listened and did his own research before he brought in Jackie for a face to face meeting. This historic meeting took place in his Brooklyn office on August 28, 1945. Rocky described the stressful conditions he would face in the Majors. He said that he wanted a player that has the guts NOT to fight back. Jackie agreed to fight back to be a better player. Two months later he signed with the Montreal Royals, the Dodgers farm team. After, he helped the Royals win the pennant the Dodgers signed Jackie to the Dodgers on April 10, 1947.After Jackie retired from the Majors he and Rachel moved to Stamford, Connecticut where they built a house and raised their three children: David, Jackie Jar. And Sharon. He raised money for the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People). He joined protests, marches, played golf, wrote books and newspaper columns. He also hosted radio shows and supported political candidates. And like any other Father cut the lawn. He loved his family and his legacy lives on. There are lots of things that happen in our nations history and they stay with us which makes them history.Jackie Robinsons courage, strength and ability to make change are one Of them. Jackasss Story is not only about baseball but about a movement in America and our acceptance of African Americans playing sports and being a part of society. Many people who knew Jackie personally had a deep admiration for him; he was loved. He wanted everyone to have a fair chance at life, no matter what color or religion you were. He wanted fairness and acceptance. He cared about America and showed that by joining the Army. He once said that, A life is not important except for the impact it has on other lives. (Source 2)